Apartment lighting connection diagram - purpose and choice

Connecting lighting in a modern apartment has become much more difficult. If earlier the only source of light was a chandelier, now additional lamps are installed in the rooms, separate zones are distinguished and decorative lighting is used. In addition, a lot of equipment is now connected, which further complicates the system. But at the same time, the principles of wiring remained the same, if you understand them, you can cope with the work yourself.

Features of modern electrical wiring

Technology is developing rapidly and over the past decades they have made a quantum leap, which is reflected in the wiring.In addition, security requirements today have become an order of magnitude tougher, which is reflected in the choice of equipment and cable, you can’t save on this. There are also a few other aspects to consider:

1. Estimated load is calculated before buying a wire. It must be taken with a margin so that when connecting additional equipment there are no overloads.
2. RCDs, automata and other elements that ensure safety are selected. Be sure to make grounding, without this, the electronics can simply burn out during a normal thunderstorm.
   Residual current device (RCD)
3. It is necessary to consider the location and number of light sources, as well as sockets and switches.
   The more light sources in the room, the more complex the wiring diagram.
4. Most often, several lighting modes are used to create comfortable conditions for rest or work.

By the way! It is worth installing dimmers - nodes for adjusting the brightness of the light.

Why you need a wiring diagram

Not a single professional works without a clear wiring plan for the apartment. When the installation is carried out independently, the value of the project increases even more. If everything is initially done correctly, then you won’t have to spoil the finish to lay additional wires or connect extension cords that will roll under your feet. Here you need to follow a few recommendations:

1. All the features of the operation of each room are thought out in advance. Only then can the project be started.
2. The central element is the switchboard, all wiring diverges from it.
   The design starts with the switchboard.
3. Automatic machines of the appropriate power are responsible for security, the number is calculated separately for each apartment.
4. Cables of the appropriate section are laid from the machines. They are selected with a margin to eliminate overload and overheating.
5. All branches are made in special junction boxes. Their location should also be noted.
6. Reliable and safe switches and sockets are selected. The type of lighting, the number and approximate location of equipment in each room are determined.

It is better to entrust the drafting of the project to professionals. Then it will be made in accordance with safety requirements.

Wiring groups

To simplify troubleshooting and ensure system reliability, the wiring diagram is divided into 4 main groups. This is also convenient because in case of a problem in any part, it is not necessary to completely de-energize the apartment, it is enough to turn off one machine.

An example of grouping in a 3-room apartment.

Stationary equipment

This includes appliances that consume a lot of electricity during operation. Most often, these are washing machines, dishwashers, water heaters, etc. It is better if all such equipment is powered by a separate large-section cable. This will eliminate congestion and protect the rest of the network from damage.

Usually this line is connected to a bathroom or a bathroom and a kitchen. But there are no restrictions, you can lay it wherever necessary. It is especially important to make a separate line if the equipment is connected directly to the wire or the outlet is in a hard-to-reach place. Then, in case of breakdowns, you can quickly turn off the power supply.

Kitchen

A separate line is also most often led here, despite the fact that a reliable cable is connected for stationary equipment. A feature of the room is that several consumers of electricity can work in it at the same time. For example, a mixer, a slow cooker, a kettle, etc.

That is, the loads on this part of the wiring are uneven and vary greatly. In addition, it is important to think about the correct location of outlets so that they are everywhere where it is required. At the same time, it is necessary to comply with safety standards and do not place the wiring close to the stove, but sockets and switches next to the sink.

An example of wiring for a modern kitchen.

Read also

How to make kitchen lighting - the location of the lamps

 

Lighting and power supply in residential premises

The number of lines depends on the load on the wiring and the amount of lighting equipment used in each room. You can combine two rooms if there is one chandelier and several sockets.

If you use a chandelier, spotlights and backlight, it is better to divide the rooms in order to evenly distribute the load between them. Even if the power of the equipment is small, but there are many connection points, you should not combine rooms, as this will greatly complicate the scheme.

Rooms with high humidity

In an apartment, this is most often a bathroom and a bathroom. Since the operating conditions in these premises are difficult, it is necessary to allocate a separate line for them and follow these tips:

1. Junction boxes are located outside of wet areas. A cable is inserted inside the bathroom, which is not interrupted until it is connected to a lamp or socket.
2. Switches are selected with a degree of protection against moisture IP44 and higher.Sockets should be splash-proof to eliminate any problems.
   You can use a plastic protective case.
3. In the bathroom and toilet, the wiring must be three-core, with a ground wire.

The bathroom is a room that requires special attention when laying wiring.

It is better to install 12 V lamps in the bathroom and bathroom, they are completely safe.

Read also

The choice of lighting for the bathroom - which is better

 

Do-it-yourself wiring wiring: from a diagram to installation

The layout of the light in the apartment consists of several stages. Each of them is important and any violations can bring many problems and endanger residents. Therefore, it is necessary to understand all the features of the process in order to organize everything correctly and avoid mistakes.

Basic Rules

Before you design a system, you should study the rules and follow them when laying wiring and installing fixtures and sockets. All of them are registered in SNiP and other regulatory documentation. In case of violations, you will have to redo the work, so it’s easier to do everything right from the beginning. You need to remember the following:

1. Sockets are located at a height from 50 to 80 cm from floor level. This ensures ease of use and prevents water from entering the contacts when the apartment is flooded. The minimum distance from pipes and radiators, electric and gas stoves, other grounded elements - 50 cm. The wire to the sockets should go from the bottom up.
2. The height of the switches is usually from 60 to 150 cm. Arrange them builds so that it is convenient to turn on when entering the room. The wiring in this case should be brought from top to bottom.
   Recommended standards for doorways.
3. The norm is one outlet per area 6 sq. m. For the kitchen, the number is determined individually, it all depends on the number of appliances used. It is impossible to put sockets in the toilet, for the bathroom they use waterproof options that are connected through a transformer.
4. All important elements of the system should be located in places with easy access. Junction boxes must not be covered with trim.
5. The wire is laid only vertically or horizontally. You can not cut corners, this will complicate the determination of the location of the cable laying later.
   The cable gland must be marked on the project, this will prevent damage to the electrical wiring when installing pictures and shelves.
6. The insulation of the wire, regardless of the way it is laid, should not come into contact with metal structural elements.
7. When laying, certain indents must be observed. For horizontal lines, the minimum distance to the ceiling is 15 cm, to beams and cornices - 5 to 10 cm, from the floor should be at least 15 cm. When laying vertically from the opening of a window or door, an indent of 10 cm is made, if gas pipes pass through the room, the minimum distance to them is 40 cm.
   When drawing up a project, it is necessary to take into account the requirements for the location of the cable and other elements.
8. When laying several cables, there must be a distance of at least 3 mm between them if they are attached without a protective corrugation.

It is impossible to connect copper and aluminum conductors to each other.

Read also

Which wire to choose for wiring in the apartment

 

Lighting calculation

For each room there are illumination norms, which should be followed before choosing fixtures.Everything is quite simple, the main thing is to remember that this is the lower limit, it is better to make the light brighter and use several modes. You should focus on the following indicators:

1. Living quarters and kitchens - from 150 lux per square.
2. Children's rooms - from 200 OK.
3. Libraries and classrooms - from 300 suites.
4. Hallways, bathrooms, pantries, bathrooms - from 75 OK.

For each room, the standard of illumination in lux is determined.

To determine the power of the fixtures, it is necessary to multiply the norm by the area in square meters. The result obtained will be a guideline. It should be divided by the number of light sources to determine the characteristics based on location and quantity.

Read also

How to calculate the required number of lumens per square meter of a room

 

Wiring diagram

The project is prepared in advance in order to carry out work strictly according to it. It all depends on the characteristics of the apartment, the number of rooms, the lighting and other equipment used. Below are some typical schemes that can be taken as a basis.

The simplest option with a minimum number of wires, these are almost never used now.

A simple scheme for a one-room apartment.

Typical modern scheme for new apartments.

One of the wiring options for a two-room apartment.

Marking the location of the wiring and preparatory work

The finished project is used as an instruction, which simplifies the work. It is important to follow simple rules here:

1. Lines are drawn on the walls where the wires will be laid. They are made according to the rules described above.
2. For sockets and switches, holes are made with a special crown. The detailed connection of switches is described in this article.
3. Under the wiring it is necessary to knock out the strobes with a puncher or cut through with a grinder.The places where the cable passes through the walls are drilled with a drill of a suitable diameter.

Wall chasing is the hardest and dirtiest part of the job.

The work is simple, but there will be a lot of dust, it is difficult to break through the strobes in concrete.

Read also

Options for modern lighting in the apartment

 

Wiring

After preparing the surfaces, you can proceed with the installation and connection of all elements. The technology depends on the method of laying the cable:

1. If an open version is used, the wire is laid in special cable channels or wall mounts are used, on which the cable is wound in a fabric sheath. It is important to correctly position all the elements, make connections only in junction boxes, wires are joined by soldering or special terminals.
2. Hidden wiring is laid in strobes, carefully fixing the wires with special holders. All connections must be in junction boxes, they cannot be made in the walls. It is possible to level the surface only after completion of electrical work and system check.

The video talks about the general scheme of the home electrical wiring device.

Choosing the right circuit will provide a convenient and safe electrical supply to the apartment. It is especially important to consider lighting, as it can consist of several elements and each must be connected separately.